Judgment axis | Key judgment |
| Item Identity | Fennel is *Foeniculum vulgare Mill.* of the Apiaceae family and is a perennial plant for which both fresh herbs and mature dried fruits can be used. Kew classifies it as an accepted species. ( Plants of the World Online ) |
| Key role | Fresh leaves, tender stems, and swollen leaf sheaths are managed as fresh vegetables/herbs, while mature dried fruits are managed as ingredients for spices, tea, powder, and oil. |
| Harvesting principle | For fresh use, harvest at the stage where leaves and leaf sheaths have high marketability, and for seeds, harvest at the fruit ripening stage. Do not mix lots for the two production purposes. |
| Product separation | Separate into Fresh Leaf/Stem → Florence Fennel → Dried Whole Fennel Fruit → Ground/Powder → Oil/Extract. |
| Separation of similar items | Anise, star anise, caraway, and cumin are each distinct Plant Entities. Foeniculum piperitum is also a separately accepted species in Kew, so it is not merged with F. vulgare. ( Plants of the World Online ) |
| Domestic statistics | The official national statistical figures for the independent cultivation area and production volume of fennel in South Korea were not verified in this v1.0 version; therefore, they will be entered later after verification of the official raw data . |
| Supply and demand risk | For fresh vegetables, freshness, temperature, microorganisms, and delivery time are key, while for seeds, maturity, drying, foreign matter, aroma, pesticide residues, storage, and import price are crucial. |
| Operating Principles | Connect Species–Cultivar–Field–Harvest Purpose–Fresh/Seed Lot–Processing–Certificate–Buyer RFQ. |
| Final goal | The distinct supply chains of fresh vegetables, herbs, and spices are connected under a single Plant Master, while Product, Lot, and Buyer operations are separated. |
ISO regulates fennel seeds by classifying them into bitter fennel and sweet fennel . ISO 7927-1:2023 specifies requirements for whole or ground products and recommendations for storage and transport for bitter fennel seeds, while ISO 7927-2:2023 specifies requirements for sweet fennel seeds. Both standards are based on the premise that although they are commercially referred to as seeds, they are botanically classified as fruit. ( ISO )
Basic fields | detail |
| Korean name | fennel |
| English name | Fennel |
| Representative scientific name | Foeniculum vulgare Mill. |
| classification | Apiaceae → Foeniculum → F. vulgare |
| Edible parts | Leaves, tender stems, swollen leaf sheaths, mature dried fruit |
| Non-edible · Separate management | Aging stems, roots, sorting residues, extraction residues, etc. |
| Major harvesting stages | Vegetative growth stage for fresh produce / Fruit maturation stage for seeds |
| Basic product form | Fresh Leaf·Stem·Florence Fennel·Dried Whole Fruit·Ground/Powder·Oil |
| Basic processing stage | Fresh vegetables: Harvest → Sorting → Washing → Pre-cooling → Packaging / Seeds: Harvest → Drying → Threshing & Sorting → Grinding or distillation |
| Basic use | Fresh vegetables, herbs, spices, tea, confectionery, seasonings, beverages |
| Similarity Principle | Separation from other Apiaceae and Foeniculum species based on scientific names |
Kew treats Anethum foeniculum L. and Foeniculum officinale All. as synonyms of F. vulgare. Therefore, scientific names from past literature are saved as Search Aliases and are not created as new Plant Entities. ( Plants of the World Online )
Product Master
Product | Product stage | Key Management Standards |
| Fennel Planting Lot | breeding materials | Varieties · Seed Sources · Lot |
| Fresh Fennel Leaf | Raw herbs | Harvest date, color, scent, damage |
| Fresh Stem | Fresh Vegetable Product | Thickness, freshness, and fibrosis |
| Florence Fennel | Vegetable-type Product | Enlarged leaf sheath size, weight, and appearance |
| Trimmed Fennel | Preprocessing | Leaf and root trimming and specifications |
| Washed Fresh Fennel | Washed items | Washing Hygiene · Microorganisms · Refrigeration |
| Fresh Packed Fennel | Distribution products | Weight, Packaging, Delivery Time |
| Mature Fennel Fruit | raw seeds | Maturity · Crop Year |
| Dried Whole Fennel | spice ingredients | Moisture, Scent, Foreign Matter, Origin |
| Sweet Fennel Seed | ISO type | Raw material identity·whole/ground |
| Bitter Fennel Seed | ISO type | Raw material identity·whole/ground |
| Ground Fennel | Crushed product | Particle size, scent, microorganisms |
| Fennel Powder | B2B raw materials | Raw material purity and particle size |
| Fennel Oil | distilled spirits | Raw Material Part · Batch · Ingredients |
| Fennel Extract | extract | Raw materials, solvents, and concentration |
| Tea/Spice Blend | Mixture | Fennel ratio · Other ingredients |
Classification criteria | Subdivision type | Management principles |
| Plant classification | Foeniculum vulgare | Separated from other species |
| Variety/Type | Vegetable type · Spicy seed type · Sweet/bitter series | Proof of actual variety/standard |
| Edible parts | Leaf·Stem·Leaf base·Fruit | Separation by Product |
| Harvesting stage | Fresh stage · Fruit ripening stage | Harvest Purpose Required |
| Cultivation method | Open field, facility, seasonal type | Management by mountain area |
| origin | Country → Region → Farm | Traceability |
| Distribution methods | Fresh · Trimmed · Washed · Dried | Product ID |
| Processing form | Whole·Ground·Powder·Oil·Extract | Independent Product |
| Final use | Fresh vegetables, herbs, spices, tea, beverages, pastries, sauces | Buyer Connection |
| Transaction type | Procurement from production areas, contract farming, regular supply, processing contracts | RFQ connection |
| certification | GAP, Organic, Food Safety, etc. | Verification of physical certificate |
Kew describes F. vulgare as a perennial plant with a native range extending from the Mediterranean to Ethiopia and western Nepal, which grows primarily in temperate biomes. ( Plants of the World Online )
step | Essential Dataset | Management purpose |
| Cultivation plan | Variety · Fresh/Seed Purpose · Area · Buyer | Production Direction |
| Seeds and seedlings | Seed Source · Lot · Germination | Plant Identity |
| Sowing and planting | Dates, density, and sections | Production history |
| Growth management | Leaves, stems, swelling, bolting | Harvest forecasting |
| rising | Temperature, rainfall, humidity, and solar radiation | Production Risk |
| Watering | Water source, timing, and supply volume | Quality Control |
| dispute | Materials, Timing, and Quantity | Production and Safety |
| pests | Occurrence, Control, and Chemicals | Losses and pesticide residues |
| Fresh vegetable harvest judgment | Size, swelling, fibrosis, appearance | Fresh Grade |
| Fresh vegetable harvest | Date, Section, Weight | Fresh Lot |
| Selection | Damage, yellowing, foreign matter | Marketability |
| purifying | Water quality and hygiene | Fresh-cut safety |
| Pre-cooling | Post-harvest temperature management | Freshness |
| Refrigerated storage | Temperature and time | shelf-life |
| packaging | Weight and packaging materials | Fresh RFQ |
| Enthronement and Enlightenment | Date and uniformity | Seed production |
| fruition | Fruit formation and maturation | Production forecast |
| Seed harvest | Maturity, Date, Weight | Fruit Lot |
| dry | Method, period, moisture | Zhejiang Province |
| Threshing and sorting | Foreign matter, loss, purity | B2B quality |
| save | Temperature, humidity, and period | Fragrance retention |
| smash | Particle Size · Batch | Powder |
| distillation | Raw Materials · Batch | Fennel Oil |
| extraction | Raw materials, solvents, and concentration | Extract |
Quality items | Raw vegetables | Washing and packaging products | Whole Fennel | Ground/Powder | Oil · Finished Products | Public rating |
| scientific name | essential | succession | essential | succession | succession | Public/Verified |
| Edible parts | Leaf/Stem/Base | identification | Fruit | Fruit | Raw material parts | Public |
| mountainous district | essential | essential | essential | succession | succession | Public/Verified |
| varieties | essential | succession | essential | succession | succession | Verified |
| farmhouse | essential | essential | essential | Raw material connection | Raw material connection | Verified |
| Lot | essential | essential | essential | essential | essential | Verified/NDA |
| Harvest day | essential | essential | essential | succession | tracking | Verified |
| appearance | Color, swelling, damage | Product specifications | Color and wholesomeness | Raw material inspection | By product | Member |
| weight | essential | Packaging weight | essential | Packaging weight | By product | NDA |
| size | leaf base·stem | standard | fruit size | Island | — | Member |
| rating | Fresh Grade | Buyer Grade | ISO/Buyer | Product Spec | Product Spec | Member |
| pests | check | record | check | succession | succession | Verified |
| Yellowing and wilting | core | core | — | — | — | Verified |
| alien substance | core | core | core | core | core | Verified |
| moisture | biological state | Freshness | Storage Core | By product | By product | Verified |
| incense | Fresh scent | Fresh scent | core | core | core | Member/Verified |
| microorganism | importance | core | If necessary | core | By product | Verified/NDA |
| pesticide residues | test | succession | test | Raw material inheritance | Conformity to standards | Verified/NDA |
| Cleaning history | — | essential | — | — | — | Verified |
| Pre-cooling and refrigeration | core | essential | — | — | — | Verified |
| Drying history | — | — | essential | succession | succession | Verified |
| Jeongseon History | — | — | essential | succession | succession | Verified |
| Grinding history | — | — | — | essential | — | Verified/NDA |
| Distillation and extraction | — | — | — | — | essential | NDA |
| packaging | essential | core | essential | essential | essential | Member/Verified |
| Expiration date | Very important | essential | Supplier Standards | By product | By product | Verified |
| Shipment | essential | essential | essential | essential | essential | Verified |
| Returns | record | record | record | record | record | NDA |
| Claim | record | record | record | record | record | NDA |
| Repurchase | Buyer Connection | Buyer Connection | Buyer Connection | Buyer Connection | Buyer Connection | NDA |
Lot Master Required Field
Lot ID · Item/Product Type · Scientific Name · Variety/Type · Edible Part · Harvest Purpose · Cultivation Method · Origin/Cultivation Area · Producer · Seed Lot · Sowing/Planting Date · Harvest Date · Quality Indicators · Weight/Size/Specifications/Grade · Appearance/Yellowing/Damage/Foreign Matter · Pests and Diseases · Pesticide Use History · Pesticide Residue/Microbiological Test Report · Fresh Vegetable Washing/Pre-cooling/Refrigeration History or Seed Drying/Selection/Storage History · Raw Material Lot · Grinding/Distillation/Extraction History · Packaging Date · Use-by Date/Best Before Date · Shipper · Returns/Claims · Repurchase
Customers | Purchase criteria | Cooperation opportunities |
| domestic production farms | Variety, Cultivation Type, Market, Harvest Season | contract farming |
| production area distribution organization | Standardization, Pre-cooling, Joint Selection | Fresh RFQ |
| wholesale market | Appearance, swelling, weight, and freshness | Fresh vegetable distribution |
| Hotel · Restaurant | Florence Fennel · Leaf Aroma · Freshness | Premium Fresh |
| Western-style restaurant | bulb-shaped · leaf herb | Regular supply |
| Food manufacturer | Fresh/Dried/Powder | Ingredient |
| Tea and beverage companies | Dried Fruit · Flavor · Extractability | Tea/Beverage |
| Confectionery and Bakery | Ground/Powder | spice ingredients |
| sauce companies | Fragrance and Dispersibility | Seasoning |
| HMR · Meal Kit | Washing · Cutting Fresh | Ready-to-use |
| school meals | Hygiene, Labeling, and Pesticide Residues | Cleaning products |
| spice importer | Origin·Whole/Ground | Global RFQ |
| Fragrance and Extraction Companies | fruit oil · extraction yield | Oil/Extract |
| Distribution/Online | Fresh/Dried Small Packaging | Retail |
| PB | Sauce, Tea, Spice | OEM/PB |
| Research Institute | Variety · Swelling · Bolting · Aroma · Storage | R&D |
In the international HS system, fennel is included in heading 0909 , and a system is used within the anise, badian, caraway, fennel, and juniper berries group classified as 090961 = neither crushed nor ground , and 090962 = crushed or ground . ( EUR-Lex )
step | Key variables | Operational judgment |
| Domestic Fresh Production | Variety, Crop Type, Harvest Cycle | Local Supply |
| contract farming | Fresh/Seed Purpose | Buyer stable supply |
| Sorting, Washing, and Pre-cooling | Hygiene · Cold Chain | Fresh Quality |
| Seed production | Crop Year · Maturity | Spice Supply |
| Drying and sorting | Moisture and purity | B2B Grade |
| Mountain storage | Packaging and duration | Fragrance retention |
| Import procurement | HS·Origin·Supplier | Global Supply |
| Customs clearance | Product type and country of origin | Compliance |
| Domestic storage | Fresh/Dried Separation | Inventory Management |
| smash | Whole→Ground | Processing |
| Distillation and extraction | Fruit→Oil/Extract | Ingredient |
| food processing | Tea·Sauce·HMR | Finished Product |
| delivery | Buyer Spec · Delivery Date | RFQ |
| Repurchase | Quality, Price, Claims | Supplier Score |
Trade Dataset
item | v1.0 processing |
| International HS heading | 0909 Confirmed |
| Whole/Not Ground | 090961 Check Series ( EUR-Lex ) |
| Crushed/Ground | 090962 Check Series ( EUR-Lex ) |
| Korean HS-K 10-digit | Subsequent verification of raw data by the Korea Customs Service |
| Domestic import volume | Input after official verification of raw data |
| Domestic import value | Input after official verification of raw data |
| Major origins | Check country-specific data from the Korea Customs Service later. |
| Fresh fennel HS | Separate verification of biological products |
| Fennel Oil | HS verification separate from the raw material |
| FTA | Check origin rules by country and HS |
| Quarantine | Verification by fresh, seed, and edible dried fruits |
| Food inspection | Please check separately for fresh vegetables and dried spices. |
Products and processes | Key conditions | RFQ conversion |
| Fresh Leaf | Freshness and aroma | Herb RFQ |
| Florence Fennel | Expansion, weight, appearance | Food Service · Retail |
| Trimmed Fennel | Finishing standards | HMR |
| Washed/Cut Fennel | Hygiene and refrigeration | Meal kits and school meals |
| Mature Fruit | Crop Year · Maturity | Spice Processor |
| Dried Whole Fennel | Moisture, fragrance, purity | B2B Spice |
| Sweet Fennel Seed | ISO 7927-2 | Whole/Ground Buyer |
| Bitter Fennel Seed | ISO 7927-1 | Whole/Ground Buyer |
| Ground Fennel | Entry point/fragrance | Food Manufacturing |
| Fennel Powder | Uniformity and microorganisms | Seasoning |
| Fennel Oil | Raw Materials · Distillation · Batch | Verification of flavorings and food uses |
| Fennel Extract | Solvent and Concentration | Ingredient |
| Tea Blend | Fragrance and Blending Ratio | Tea/Beverage |
| Fresh Trim Waste | leaves and stems | Verification of food/compost utilization |
| Distillation Residue | distillation residue | Review of compost and bio-utilization |
Since ISO 7927-1:2023 and ISO 7927-2:2023 standardize whole and ground products of bitter and sweet fennel separately, PRP also distinguishes between the two series. ( ISO )
PRP — Product Research Profile
Fennel PRP operates on two axes.
Fresh Vegetable/Herb PRP
Species → Cultivar → Field → Harvest Stage → Leaf/Stem/Leaf-base Quality → Washing → Cooling → Shelf-life → Buyer Application
Fennel Seed/Spice PRP
Species → Sweet/Bitter Type → Origin → Crop Year → Fruit Maturity → Drying → Purity → Whole/Ground Quality → Oil Profile → Buyer Application
first of all | Execution item | Performance indicators |
| 1 | Scientific Name, Variety, Edible Part, Harvest Purpose, and Lot are mandatory. | Essential Field Completion Rate |
| 2 | Separation of Fresh·Florence·Whole Seed·Ground·Oil Product | Product separation rate |
| 3 | Connecting weather, growth, bolting, flowering, fruiting, and harvest | Field–Lot Connection Rate |
| 4 | Fresh vegetable washing, pre-cooling, and refrigeration traceability | Cold-chain recording rate |
| 5 | Traceability of seed drying, sorting, and storage | Post-harvest record rate |
| 6 | Video AI Fresh Screening for Appearance, Swelling, and Damage | Selection accuracy |
| 7 | AI screening for foreign matter and similar seeds | Purity determination rate |
| 8 | Prediction of optimal harvest time for bolting and freshness | Harvest error |
| 9 | Shelf-life prediction | Return and disposal rate |
| 10 | Seed Production and Supply Forecast | Forecast error |
| 11 | Product–Buyer AI Match | RFQ → Sample Conversion Rate |
| 12 | Buyer Ratings & Repurchase Link | Repurchase rate |
Problem group | Problem Definition | Required data |
| Mixed raw and seedlings | Mixed management of the same plant for different harvesting purposes | Harvest Purpose |
| Sweet–Bitter distinction | Other standard systems exist under ISO | Type·ISO |
| Anise confusion | Species that are similar in scent and appearance but different | Scientific name · HS |
| Star anise confusion | Plants with similar names but completely different | Species |
| Caraway confusion | Apiaceae seed-type spices | Appearance and scientific name |
| Differences in varieties and cultivation methods | Differences in suitability between bulb, hub, and seed types | Cultivar |
| bolting | Fresh Quality and Harvest Period Impact | Weather and growth |
| Freshness of raw vegetables | Wilting, yellowing, and fibrosis | Cold Chain |
| Living microorganisms | Hygiene in washing and distribution processes | Microbiological test |
| Variation in seed maturity | Differences in scent, dryness, and quantity | Maturity |
| Drying deviation | Changes in moisture, mold, and scent | Drying |
| Foreign matter/other seeds | The issue of spice ingredient purity | Purity |
| pesticide residues | Freshness and Spice are both important | Spray·COA |
| Whole-Ground tracking disconnection | Weakening of raw material verification after grinding | Genealogy |
| HS Statistics Mix | Items other than fennel include items in the same code group | HS Detail |
| dependence on imports | International procurement risks of royal family | Supplier·Origin |
| Price and exchange rate fluctuations | Impact on processing costs | Trade·FX |
| Buyer Spec Discrepancy | Requirements vary by Fresh, Tea, and Spice | RFQ Spec |
| Repurchase data disconnection | Delivery evaluation not reflected in production | Buyer Evaluation |
RFQ Type | Public Registration | Verify/NDA |
| Fresh Fennel for Sale | Variety · Region · Expected Harvest | Farm, Volume, Unit Price |
| Florence Fennel purchase | Size, Weight, and Use | Actual quantity and price |
| Fresh Herb Regular Supply | Standards and Periods | Monthly/Weekly Supply Volume · Unit Price |
| contract farming | Variety, Region, Harvest Period | Farms, Area, and Purchase Conditions |
| Washed and cut parts | Product form and packaging | Microorganisms, Process, Price |
| Whole Fennel Fruit | Origin · Crop Year | Lot · COA · Price |
| Sweet Fennel Seed | ISO Type · Whole/Ground | Spec·Price |
| Bitter Fennel Seed | ISO Type · Whole/Ground | Spec·Price |
| Ground/Powder | Particle size and uses | MOQ·COA |
| Fennel Oil | Raw Material Part/Product Type | Process, Ingredients, Price |
| Extract | General use | Concentration and process |
| Tea Blend | Product Configuration | Formula · Price |
| Dining Out & School Meals | Fresh/Processed | Delivery time/Unit price |
| HMR · Meal Kit | Cut Fresh/Spice | MOQ · Recipe |
| OEM·PB | Sauce·Tea·Seasoning | Formula · Cost |
| export | Fresh/Dried | HS · Quarantine · Price |
| Technology demonstration | Cultivation · Refrigeration · Drying · AI | raw data |
| Research cooperation | Variety · Swelling · Aroma · Storage | IP · Exam materials |
① Need Products & Materials
Companies and institutions seeking necessary products, agricultural products, raw materials, and processed goods register purchasing demands. Registered requests are utilized to review cooperation with potential suppliers and producers based on the RFQ Intelligence Library.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Supplier/Product Review → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Matching
Register
② We are looking for production and manufacturing partners. (Need Suppliers & Manufacturers)
Register a request to find necessary production and supply partners, ranging from farms and producer organizations to processing companies, OEM, ODM, and private label manufacturers.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Review of Production & Manufacturing Capabilities → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Partner Matching
Register
③ We are looking for domestic and international buyers. (Need Buyers)
Farmers, producer organizations, and manufacturing companies are requesting cooperation with new buyers, such as domestic and international distributors, importers, brand companies, and food service and catering businesses.
Process:
RFQ Registration → Product & Supply Capability Review → Market & Buyer Connection → Future AI Buyer Matching
Register
Contact : mail@markethub.org
Version | Main contents | situation |
| v1.0 | Plant Identity · Fresh/Spice Dual Product · Sweet/Bitter Classification · Production · Quality · RFQ Basic Structure Registration | complete |
| v1.1 | Domestic Official Production · Fresh Market · HS Trade Raw Data Verification | expected |
| v2.0 | Quality, processing, and PRP segmentation by Fresh Leaf, Florence Fennel, Whole Fruit, Ground, and Oil | expected |
| v3.0 | Farm – On-site Distribution/Cold Storage – Spice Processing – Foodservice/Tea/Food Buyer Verified Container Combination | expected |
